Vitiligo, Causes,Symptoms, and Treatment

 

Vitiligo is a skin disorder in which smooth white areas called macules and patches appear on a person's skin. Generally starts on the hands for arms feet and face. Globally about 1% or so of the population has Vitiligo most people who have. Vitiligo will develop the condition prior to age 40 about half develop it before age 20. Vitiligo I may have a genetic component as the condition 10 Cimarron in families. Vitiligo is sometimes associated with other medical conditions including thyroid dysfunction.There is no way to determine if it'll I will spread or remain confined to one location. Types of Vitiligo do I go can be generalized which is the most common type when macules appear in various places on the body.

Segmental which is restricted to one side of the body or one area such as the hands or face mucosal what's your fax mucous membranes of the mouth and or the genitals. 

Focal which is a rare type in which the macros are in a small area and do not spread in a certain pattern within 1 to 2 years. Tricone which means that there is a white or color lacentre been an area of lighter pigmentation and then an area of normally colored skin.

Symptoms white patches on the skin are the main side of vitiligo these patches are more common in areas where the skin is exposed to the Sun the patches maybe on the hands feet arms face and lips other common areas for white patches are the armpits and groin where the leg meets the body around the mouth eyes nostrils Naval genitals rectal areas.

Causes although the causes of Vitiligo aren't completely understood there are a number of different theories autoimmune disorder the infected person's immune system May develop antibodies that destroyed their on a science genetic factors certain factors that may increase the chance of getting Vitiligo can be inherited.

About 30% of Vitiligo cases run in families neurogenic factors a substance that is toxic to melanocytes may be released at nerve endings in the skin self-destruction a defect in the Milana size causes them to destroy themselves Google are you I may also be triggered by certain events such as physical or emotional stress because none of the explanation seemed to completely account for the condition it's possible that a combination of these factors is responsible for vitiligo.

Diagnosis usually the white patches are easily visible on the skin but Healthcare Providers can use a Wood's lamp which shines ultraviolet or UV light onto the skin to help differentiate from other skin conditions. 

     Treatment repigmentation therapy therapy camouflage therapy surgery counseling prevention since no one knows for certain what causes Vitiligo no one can tell you how to prevent it in general it is smart forever to practice safe sun exposure habits and to take good care of your skin.

Jak Inhibitors

 

Disease where the immune system attacks of pigment cells are melanocytes in the body switch to white spots open and exposed areas such as the face and hands. Patient experienced increased quality of life despite affecting about 25 to 2% of the world's. Population know medications are FDA-approved to repigment in a liger who helped evaluate. 

What's the weather in cream to see if patients maybe were pigmented. About half the patients who received the highest dose of the Medicine Group Higgins 75% or more on the face significant number of patients also repugnant at on the body as well. He should serve as smart as early as 8 weeks after starting treatment. At the top of this medicine was well-tolerated with the table for safety profile it is currently being tested in a phase 3 Program. Hopefully become the first medicine that will be approved to treat vitiligo.

What is Vitiligo

 

Vitiligo likely meaning blemish is a non contagious skin condition that is defined by patches of Discoloration or deep pigmentation. The vitiligo can affect any race or ethnicity. It tends to be more noticeable in people with darker skin Like Canadian fashion model Winnie Harlow. 

Given the effect on a person's appearance, pigment loss can really impact a person's quality of life. Which is made of a single layer of small cuboido to low column stem cells that continually divide and produce new caratinosites They continue to mature is they migrate up through the epidermal layers but the straighten baseley also contains another group of cells Melanosites which secrete the protein pigment or coloring substance called melanin Melanin is actually a broad term that constitutes several types of melanin found in people of differing skin color.

The skin is divided into three layers the epidermis dermis and hypodermis The hypodermist is made of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to the underlying muscle Just above is the dermis which contains hair follicles, nerves, and blood vessels and just above that the outer most layer of skin is the epidermis. The epidermis itself has multiple cell layers that are mostly caratinosites which are named for the keratin protein that they're filled with. Keratin is a strong fibers protein that allows caratinocytes to protect themselves from getting destroyed when you rub your hands through the sand at the beach Current assights start their life at the deepest layer of the epidermis called the straight and baseley or basil layer.

These sub types of melanin range in color from black to redish. To reddish yellow and their relative quantity and rate at which their metabolised define a person's skin color When karate sites are exposed to the sun they send a chemical signal to the melanosites which stimulates the melanosites into making more melanin The melanosites move the melanin into small sax called malanosomes and these get taken up by newly formed caratinocytes Which will later metabolize the melanin as they migrate into higher layers of the epidermis melanin then axes in natural sunscreen.

Because it's protein structure dissipates or scatters the UVB light which if left unchecked can damage the DNA in the skin cells inly to skin cancer. Melanice can also be found in the dermis at the base of the hair follicle And in the eye where the help color hair and the iris respectively. There's a loss of melanocytes or the absence of their function. Histologically having less melanin in the epidermis result in white deep pigmented patches these patches are classified by type There's nonsegmental vitiligo which is the more common type that affects any age group. And it occurs at various locations that are mirrored on both sides of the body.

There's also segmental vitiligo which mostly affects children And occurs in segments along a single spinal nerve typically only on one side of the body without crossing the midline The exact cause of melanocyte destruction isn't known But it does seem to be linked to both genetic and environmental triggers. In non-segmental vitilgo there seems to be an autoimmune element where immune cells attack the melanosites. Insegmental vitiligo there seemed to be neural factors. Where nerves released neurochemicals that damage the melanocytes. 

Other causes maybe that the melanosites get damaged by a build up of toxic metabolites Is they make melanin or in other metabolic pathways one interesting observation is called the cubner phenomenon. And that's when Vitiligo develops in skin soon after there's been a trauma like a cut abrasion or burn The main symptom of it a ligo is the irregular round or oval shaped patches of depigmentation appearing within normally pigmented skin The patches can range in size from millimeters to centimeters and can sometimes expand and merge with other patches over time The body hair and the iris may also be depigmented in affected areas Non-segmental vitiligo tends to affect the hands forearms, neck, scalp, feet, and face while segmental vitilgo tends to affect areas of skin near dorsal roots from the spinal cord.

Particularly in the face following the trigeminal nerve. The diagnosis of it a ligo is based on the appearance of D pigmented patches but a skin biopsy can also be done There are two main treatments. When the affected area is small, cosmetic cover up and topical immune suppressants can be applied directly to the skin. When the affected area is large systemic immune suppressant UV photo therapy skin bleaching Skin bleaching and in severe cases skin grafts can all be tried. Whatever the course of therapy sunscreen is recommended to prevent darkening of the skin areas immediately surrounding And contrasting the deep pigmentation areas and to reduce the risk of skin cancer.

Alright it's a quick vitiligo is a non contagious condition where destruction of melanosites and loss of melanin Leads to areas of deep pigmentation on the skin tends to affect the hands Arms, neck, scalp, feet, and face. Well, segmental vitiligo tends to affect the areas of skin near dorsal roots from the spinal cord Particularly in the face following the trigeminal nerve. For small areas, cosmetic cover up and topical immune suppressants can be used Areas systemic immune suppressants UV photo therapy skin bleaching and even skin grafts can be used as well Thanks for watching. If you're interested in a deeper dive on this topic take a look at us most.org where we have flashcards, question Gins and other awesome tools to help you learn medicine.

Vitiligo - Photothreapy

 

It's an autoimmune disease against the pigments within pigmentation. Science so the numbers will be the same for the pigments within then we'll be decreased we should fix all surfaces in the body including the skin and only coastal areas such as the mouth and the inner lining of the genital tract.

What causes the disease to start is still unclear but missions normally start having symptoms but the second or third decade of life because it's an autoimmune disorder is likely to have other autoimmune disorders as well. Keep in mind that fix skin is more prone to sunburns. We have for treatment we can use phototherapy which repigment melanocytes we can use tools to prevent further pigmentation in which layer of the skin do we have melanocytes.

Medical Treatment of Vitiligo

 

Skin discolorations such as vitiligo were known thousands of years ago. White spots caused by vitiligo and other disorders have caused a significant social disgrace throughout history and today for those who have been disfigured due to these pigmentary disorders. Treatments have been desperately sought with only partial success. Recent developments suggest that vitiligo and other pigment disorders may soon be cured.

Leukoderma, white spots ve vitiligo

Perfect, flawless skin color is desired by everyone for its beauty and attractiveness. However, like all biologic systems, pigmentation can be abnormal. There can be dark spots or light spots, both of which are disfiguring. These problems have caused distress to people for millennia. Already in 1500 to 1000 BCE, Indian writers described “kilas” and “palita,” translated as white or yellowish white spots.

The Ebers Papyrus describes people with white spots. In these early writings, the precise condition being described is not known, although leprosy and vitiligo are just two of many possible candidates. There are numerous references to white spots in the Old Testament. Typically these were considered leprosy but it is plausible that much of what was considered to be leprosy was vitiligo or other disorders of skin color.

In the Far East prayers known as Makatominoharai dating from 1200 BCE recognized white skin, possibly vitiligo. In the sixteenth century, Hieronymus Mercurialis6 published his book on diseases of the skin. In it he devotes an entire chapter, entitled “On Leuce and Alphos,” to disorders of abnormal skin color.

He cites early Arabic, Greek, and Latin scholars about white spots and notes that the word “…‘vitiligo’ is a Latin word derived from either ‘vitium’ (blemish) or ‘vitulum’ (small blemish)…” The word vitiligo might have been first used by Celsus. Mercurialis suggests that phlegm accumulating under the skin was the source of leukoderma, a theory that he confirms from the writings of “…divine Plato…that white phlegm has two effects in the body….if it begins to vent through the exterior of the body, it will cause …vitiligo.”

Herodotus in Greece noted white spots on foreigners and suggested they be banished immediately, their having sinned against the sun. In China and Korea, writers discussed white spots and white skin. In Korea vitiligo and other pigmentary disorders, such as nevus depigmentosus or tinea versicolor, were described in Doney Bogam, published in the seventeenth century.

A portrait of Chang-Myeong Song, a high ranking official of the Yi dynasty of Korea, was painted about this time that shows the typical depigmentation of vitiligo. In the seventeenth century, William Byrd described “An Account of a Negro-Boy that is, dappel’d in several places of his Body with White Spots.” The depigmentation began at age 3 years and continued to spread. Byrd conjectures that in time the boy would become all white. The leukoderma was obviously mysterious in origin.

Study skin, color, white spots

Skin color was a mystery until modern times after the invention of the microscope, the techniques of biopsy, and the discovery of histochemical stains. Before the seventeenth century, the origin of skin color was based on myths, folklore, and religious theories. Explanations attempted to explain the origin of dark skin color, not why some skin was very light. Jean Roland in separated the epidermis from the dermis of a black individual.

He was able to observe the upper layer of skin (epidermis) was pigmented, the lower dermal layer not pigmented. He proposed that sunlight and heat caused dark skin, a theory that might explain dark skin at the equator but not why Europeans remained white when traveling to southern climes. Another scientist, Thomas Browne, noted this discrepancy and decided skin color was a genetic trait carried within the sperm.

Theories about the mechanism for production of skin color came and went. Many famous investigators all studied skin color usually in deeply pigmented Ethiopians, often on cadavers but occasionally in living subjects. However, without proper instruments and techniques, the origins of pigmentation remained a mystery. More mysterious back then were the mechanisms for loss of skin color. Benjamin Rush suggested that black skin of Negroes was a form of leprosy and that vitiligo was an indication of spontaneous cure.